University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley (also referred to as Berkeley, UC Berkeley, California or artlessly Cal) is a accessible analysis university amid in Berkeley, California. It is the flagship campus of the University of California system, one of three locations in the state's accessible academy apprenticeship plan, which aswell includes the California Accompaniment University arrangement and the California Association Colleges System.

It is advised by the Times Academy Apprenticeship Apple University Rankings as one of six university brands that advance in apple acceptability rankings in 2016 and is ranked third on the U.S. News' 2015 Best Global Universities rankings conducted in the U.S. and about 50 added countries. The Academic Ranking of Apple Universities (ARWU) aswell ranks the University of California, Berkeley fourth in the apple overall, and aboriginal a part of accessible universities. It is broadly ranked aboriginal in science, third in engineering, and fifth in amusing sciences, with specific rankings of aboriginal in chemistry, aboriginal in physics, third in computer science, fourth in mathematics, and fourth in economics/business.The university is aswell able-bodied accepted for bearing a top amount of entrepreneurs.

Established in 1868 as the aftereffect of the alliance of the clandestine Academy of California and the accessible Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts Academy in Oakland, UC Berkeley is the oldest academy in the UC arrangement and offers about 350 undergraduate and alum amount programs in a advanced ambit of disciplines. The University of California has been answerable with accouterment both "classical" and "practical" apprenticeship for the state's people. Cal co-manages three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories, including the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy.

Berkeley faculty, alumni, and advisers accept won 72 Nobel Prizes (including 30 alumni Nobel laureates), 9 Wolf Prizes, 13 Fields Medals (including 3 alumni medalists), 22 Turing Awards, 45 MacArthur Fellowships,
 20 Academy Awards, 14 Pulitzer Prizes and 105 Olympic gold medals (47 argent and 33 bronze). To date, forth with Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley scientists and advisers accept apparent 16 actinic elements of the alternate table (californium, seaborgium, berkelium, einsteinium, fermium, lawrencium, etc.) – added than any added university in the world. Lawrence Livermore Lab aswell apparent or co-discovered six actinic elements (113 to 118). Berkeley is a founding affiliate of the Association of American Universities and continues to accept actual top analysis action with $730.7 actor in analysis and development expenditures in the budgetary year catastrophe June 30, 2014.

History
In 1866, the clandestine Academy of California purchased the acreage absolute the accepted Berkeley campus. Because it lacked acceptable funds to operate, it eventually alloyed with the state-run Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts Academy to anatomy the University of California, the aboriginal full-curriculum accessible university in the state.

Ten adroitness associates and about 40 acceptance fabricated up the new University of California if it opened in Oakland in 1869 Frederick H. Billings was a trustee of the Academy of California and appropriate that the academy be alleged in account of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley.In 1870, Henry Durant, the artist of the Academy of California, became the aboriginal president. With the achievement of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley area with 167 macho and 22 changeable students and captivated its aboriginal classes.

Beginning in 1891, Phoebe Apperson Hearst fabricated several ample ability to Berkeley, allotment a amount of programs and new buildings, and sponsoring, in 1898, an all-embracing antagonism in Antwerp, Belgium, area French artist Émile Bénard submitted the acceptable architecture for a campus adept plan. In 1905, the University Farm was accustomed abreast Sacramento, ultimately acceptable the University of California, Davis.By the 1920s, the amount of campus barrio had developed substantially, and included twenty structures advised by artist John Galen Howard.
Robert Gordon Sproul served as admiral from 1930 to 1958. By 1942, the American Council on Apprenticeship ranked UC Berkeley additional alone to Harvard University in the amount of acclaimed departments.

During Apple War II, afterward Glenn Seaborg's then-secret analysis of plutonium, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory began to arrangement with the U.S. Army to advance the diminutive bomb. UC Berkeley physics assistant J. Robert Oppenheimer was alleged accurate arch of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Forth with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (formerly the Radiation Lab), Berkeley is now a accomplice in managing two added labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1943) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1952).

Originally, aggressive training was compulsatory for macho undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an arsenal for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeley's ROTC affairs was established, and its Academy of Aggressive Aeronautics accomplished approaching pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, who accelerating with a B.A. in 1922. Both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand accelerating from UC Berkeley's ROTC program, earning B.A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, respectively. In 1926, approaching agile admiral Chester W. Nimitz accustomed the aboriginal Argosy Reserve Admiral Training Corps assemblage at Berkeley. During Apple War II, the aggressive added its attendance on campus to recruit added officers, and by 1944, added than 1,000 Berkeley acceptance were enrolled in the V-12 Navy Academy Training Affairs and argosy training academy for agent engineering.The Board of Regents concluded compulsatory aggressive training at Berkeley in 1962.

During the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist adherence oath. A amount of adroitness associates objected and were dismissed; ten years anesthetized afore they were reinstated with aback pay.

In 1952, the University of California became an article abstracted from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was accustomed about freedom and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul affected admiral of the absolute University of California system, and Clark Kerr became the aboriginal Chancellor of UC Berkeley.

Berkeley acquired a acceptability for apprentice activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964 and action to the Vietnam War. In the awful publicized People's Park beef in 1969, acceptance and the academy conflicted over use of a artifice of land; the National Guard was alleged in and abandon erupted. Again governor of California Ronald Reagan alleged the Berkeley campus "a anchorage for antipathetic sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants." Modern acceptance at Berkeley are beneath politically active, with a greater allotment of moderates and conservatives.Democrats outnumber Republicans on the adroitness by a arrangement of 9:1.

Various beastly and beastly rights groups accept conflicted with Berkeley. Native Americans conflicted with the academy over repatriation of charcoal from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology.Animal-rights activists accept threatened adroitness associates application animals for research.The school's acknowledgment to timberline sitters agitation architecture acquired altercation in the bounded community.

On May 1, 2014, UC Berkeley was alleged one of fifty-five academy apprenticeship institutions beneath analysis by the Office of Civil Rights "for accessible violations of federal law over the administration of animal abandon and aggravation complaints" by the White House Task Force to Protect Acceptance from Animal Assault.The analysis comes afterwards 31 changeable acceptance fabricated three federal complaints: first, a Clery Act complaint was filed in May 2013, and then, afterwards a abridgement of acknowledgment from the University, a additional Clery Act Complaint and Title IX complaint were filed on February 26, 2014. Investigations accept connected into 2016, with hundreds of pages of annal appear in April 2016, assuming a arrangement of accurate animal aggravation and firings of non-tenured staff.

The aboriginal name University of California was frequently beneath to California or Cal. UC Berkeley's able-bodied teams date to this time and so are referred to as the California Golden Bears, Cal Bears, or just Cal. Today, University of California refers to a statewide academy system. Referring to the University of California, Berkeley as UCB or University of California at Berkeley is discouraged and the area name is berkeley.edu. Moreover, the appellation "Cal Berkeley" is not a actual advertence to the school, but is occasionally used. Berkeley is detached with the Berklee Academy of Music or Berkeley College.