University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin, artlessly UT Austin, UT, University of Texas, or Texas in sports contexts, is a accessible analysis university and the flagship academy of the University of Texas System. Founded in 1881 as "The University of Texas," its campus is in Austin, Texas—approximately 1 mile (1,600 m) from the Texas Accompaniment Capitol. The academy has the fifth-largest single-campus acceptance in the nation, with over 50,000 undergraduate and alum acceptance and over 24,000 adroitness and staff. The university has been labeled one of the "Public Ivies," a about adjourned university advised to accommodate a superior of apprenticeship commensurable to those of the Ivy League.

UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929, acceptable alone the third university in the American South to be elected. It is a above centermost for bookish research, with analysis expenditures beyond $550 actor for the 2013–2014 academy year. The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries, including the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum and the Blanton Museum of Art, and operates assorted abetting analysis facilities, such as the J. J. Pickle Analysis Campus and the McDonald Observatory. Among university adroitness are recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Emmy Award, and the National Medal of Science, as able-bodied as abounding added awards.

UT Austin apprentice athletes attempt as the Texas Longhorns and are associates of the Big 12 Conference. Its Longhorn Arrangement is different in that it is the alone sports arrangement featuring the academy sports of a individual university. The Longhorns acquire won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships, six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships and has claimed added titles in men's and women's sports than any added academy in the Big 12 aback the alliance was founded in 1996. Current and above UT Austin athletes acquire won 130 Olympic medals (73 gold, 37 silver, and 20 bronze), including 14 in Beijing in 2008 and 13 in London in 2012.

History

Establishment
The aboriginal acknowledgment of a accessible university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 architecture for the Mexican accompaniment of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of that Architecture promised to authorize accessible apprenticeship in the arts and sciences,[13] no activity was taken by the Mexican government. After Texas acquired its ability from Mexico in 1836, the Texas Congress adopted the Architecture of the Republic, which, beneath Section 5 of its Accepted Provisions, declared "It shall be the assignment of Congress, as anon as affairs will permit, to provide, by law, a accepted arrangement of education."On April 18, 1838, "An Act to Authorize the University of Texas" was referred to a appropriate lath of the Texas Congress, but was not appear aback for added action. On January 26, 1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set abreast fifty leagues of acreage (approx. 288,000 acres) appear the enactment of a about adjourned university. In addition, 40 acreage (160,000 m2) in the new basic of Austin were aloof and appointed "College Hill." (The appellation "Forty Acres" is colloquially acclimated to accredit to the University as a whole. The aboriginal forty acreage is the breadth from Guadalupe to Speedway and 21st Street to 24th Street.

In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States. Interestingly, the state's Architecture of 1845 bootless to acknowledgment the accountable of college education. On February 11, 1858, the Seventh Texas Assembly accustomed O.B. 102, an act to authorize the University of Texas, which set abreast $100,000 in United States bonds adjoin architecture of the state's aboriginal about adjourned university (the $100,000 was an allocation from the $10 actor the accompaniment accustomed pursuant to the Compromise of 1850 and Texas' accommodated claims to acreage alfresco its present boundaries). In addition, the assembly appointed acreage aloof for the advance of railroad architecture adjoin the university's endowment. On January 31, 1860, the accompaniment legislature, absent to abstain adopting taxes, anesthetized an act acceding the money set abreast for the University of Texas to be acclimated for borderland aegis in west Texas to assure settlers from Indian attacks.

 Texas' alienation from the Union and the American Civil War delayed claim of the adopted monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, The University of Texas' award consisted of a little over $16,000 in warrants and annihilation absolute had been done to adapt the university's operations. This accomplishment to authorize a University was afresh allowable by Article 7, Section 10 of the Texas Architecture of 1876 which directed the assembly to "establish, adapt and accommodate for the maintenance, abutment and administration of a university of the aboriginal class, to be amid by a vote of the humans of this State, and styled "The University of Texas."Additionally, Article 7, Section 11 of the 1876 Architecture accustomed the Abiding University Fund, a absolute abundance armamentarium managed by the Lath of Regents of the University of Texas and committed for the aliment of the university. Because some accompaniment legislators perceived an absurdity in the architecture of bookish barrio of added universities, Article 7, Section 14 of the Architecture especially banned the assembly from application the state's accepted acquirement to armamentarium architecture of university buildings. Funds for amalgam university barrio had to appear from the university's award or from clandestine ability to the university, but operational costs for the university could appear from the state's accepted revenues.

The 1876 Architecture aswell revoked the award of the railroad acreage of the Act of 1858 but committed 1,000,000 acreage (4,000 km2) of land, alternating with added acreage appointed for the university, to the Abiding University Fund. This was abundantly to the damage of the university as the acreage accepted the university by the Architecture of 1876 represented beneath than 5% of the amount of the acreage accepted to the university beneath the Act of 1858 (the acreage abutting to the railroads were absolutely admired while the acreage accepted the university were in far west Texas, abroad from sources of busline and water). The added admired acreage afflicted to the armamentarium to abutment accepted apprenticeship in the accompaniment (the Appropriate Academy Fund). On April 10, 1883, the assembly supplemented the Abiding University Armamentarium with accession 1,000,000 acreage of acreage in west Texas ahead accepted to the Texas and Pacific Railroad but alternate to the accompaniment as acutely too abandoned to even survey. The assembly additionally appointed $256,272.57 to accord the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for borderland aegis and for transfers to the state's Accepted Armamentarium in 1861 and 1862.

 The 1883 admission of acreage added the acreage in the Abiding University Armamentarium to about 2.2 actor acres. Beneath the Act of 1858, the university was advantaged to just over 1,000 acreage of acreage for every mile of railroad congenital in the state. Had the aboriginal 1858 admission of acreage not been revoked by the 1876 Constitution, by 1883 the university acreage would acquire totaled 3.2 actor acres, so the 1883 admission was to restore acreage taken from the university by the 1876 Constitution, not an act of munificence.
On March 30, 1881, the assembly set alternating the anatomy and alignment of the university and alleged for an acclamation to authorize its location. By accepted acclamation on September 6, 1881, Austin (with 30,913 votes) was called as the website of the capital university. Galveston, accepting appear in added in the acclamation (20,741 votes) was appointed the area of the medical administration (Houston was third with 12,586 votes). On November 17, 1882, on the aboriginal "College Hill," an official commemoration was captivated to admire the laying of the cornerstone of the Old Capital building. University President Ashbel Smith, authoritative over the commemoration prophetically proclaimed "Texas holds anchored in its apple rocks and minerals which now lie abandoned because unknown, assets of boundless automated utility, of abundance and power. Agonize the earth, agonize the rocks with the rod of ability and fountains of constant abundance will burst forth."The University of Texas clearly opened its doors on September 15, 1883.

Expansion and growth

In 1890, George Washington Brackenridge donated $18,000 for the architecture of a three adventure brick blend anteroom accepted as Brackenridge Anteroom (affectionately accepted as "B.Hall"), one of the university's a lot of acclaimed barrio and one that played an important abode in university activity until its annihilation in 1952.
The old Victorian-Gothic Capital Architecture served as the axial point of the campus's 40-acre (160,000 m2) site, and was acclimated for about all purposes. But by the 1930s, discussions arose about the charge for new library space, and the Capital Architecture was razed in 1934 over the objections of abounding acceptance and faculty. The modern-day belfry and Capital Architecture were complete in its place.

In 1910, George Washington Brackenridge afresh displayed his philanthropy, this time altruistic 500 acreage (2.0 km2) on the Colorado River to the university . A vote by the regents to move the campus to the donated acreage was met with outrage, and the acreage has alone been acclimated for abetting purposes such as alum apprentice housing. Allotment of the amplitude was awash in the late-1990s for affluence housing, and there are arguable proposals to advertise the butt of the tract. The Brackenridge Field Laboratory was accustomed on 82 acreage (330,000 m2) of the acreage in 1967.
In 1916, Gov. James E. Ferguson became complex in a austere affray with the University of Texas. The altercation grew out of the abnegation of the lath of regents to abolish assertive adroitness associates whom the governor begin objectionable. If Ferguson begin he could not acquire his way, he banned about the absolute allotment for the university. Without acceptable funding, the University would acquire been affected to abutting its doors. In the average of the veto controversy, Ferguson's critics brought to ablaze a amount of irregularities on the allotment of the governor. Eventually, The Texas House of Representatives able 21 accuse adjoin Ferguson and the Senate bedevilled him on 10 of those charges, including corruption of accessible funds and accepting $156,000 from an bearding source. The Texas Senate removed Ferguson as governor and declared him disqualified to authority office.

In 1921, the assembly appointed $1,350,000 for the acquirement of acreage adjoining to the capital campus. However, amplification was bedfast by the brake adjoin application accompaniment revenues to armamentarium architecture of university barrio as set alternating in Article 7, Section 14 of the Constitution. With the acknowledged achievement of Santa Rita No. 1 welland the analysis of oil on university-owned acreage in 1923, the university was able to add decidedly to its Abiding University Fund. The added assets from Abiding University Armamentarium investments accustomed for band issues in 1931 and 1947, with the closing amplification all-important from the fasten in acceptance afterward World War II. The university congenital 19 abiding structures amid 1950 and 1965, if it was accustomed the appropriate of eminent domain. With this power, the university purchased added backdrop surrounding the aboriginal 40 acreage (160,000 m2).

The analysis of oil on university-owned acreage in 1923 and the consecutive accession of money to the university's Abiding University Armamentarium accustomed the assembly to abode allotment for the university alternating with the Agricultural and Mechanical Academy (now accepted as Texas A&M University). With acceptable funds now in the Abiding University Armamentarium to accounts architecture on both campuses, on April 8, 1931, the Forty Added Assembly anesthetized H.B. 368. which committed the Agricultural and Mechanical Academy a 1/3 absorption in the Available University Fund,the anniversary assets from Abiding University Armamentarium investments.
UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929.During World War II, the University of Texas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took allotment in the V-12 Navy Academy Training Program which offered acceptance a aisle to a Navy commission.

In 1950, the University of Texas was the aboriginal above university in the South to acquire an African-American student. John S. Chase went on to become the aboriginal accountant African-American artist in Texas.

In the abatement of 1956, the aboriginal atramentous undergraduate chic was accustomed into the University.

On March 6, 1967, the Sixtieth Texas Assembly afflicted the official name of the University from "The University of Texas" to "The University of Texas at Austin" to reflect the advance of the University of Texas System.